When someone becomes unable to work due to a health issue or injury, applying for disability benefits can be confusing. Below are the top 20 frequently asked questions (FAQs) about U.S. disability benefits, along with clear answers. If you need legal help, for instance a disability attorney in Tampa, always consult a qualified professional.
1. What are the two main federal disability benefit programs?
The two major programs are SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) and SSI (Supplemental Security Income). SSDI depends on your work history and contributions; SSI is for low-income individuals whether or not they’ve worked.
2. Who is eligible for SSDI?
You must have a qualifying disability, have worked enough quarters (credits), and be unable to perform substantial gainful activity (SGA).
3. What counts as a “qualifying disability”?
The impairment must be medically determinable, last (or be expected to last) at least 12 months or lead to death, and prevent you from doing substantial gainful work.
4. How is income from work judged?
The SSA defines Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) as earning more than a set monthly threshold. If your income exceeds that, you generally won’t qualify.
5. Can I apply for both SSDI and SSI
Yes — if you meet criteria for both, you may receive concurrent benefits.
6. How do I apply for disability benefits?
You can apply online via the Social Security website, by phone, or in person at a Social Security office.
7. How long does the decision process take?
It varies. The initial decision can take several months.
8. Is there a waiting period before benefits begin?
For SSDI, yes — benefits typically start after a five-month waiting period following the onset of disability.
9. What is back pay?
Back pay means you may receive payments retroactive to your application date (or to the onset date) once approved.
10. Can I work while receiving disability benefits?
Under certain rules, you may attempt limited work (trial work period). But earning too much could disqualify you.
11. What happens if my application is denied?
You can appeal. You have 60 days from receiving the denial notice to file a request for reconsideration or hearing.
12. Do I need a lawyer or advocate?
You are allowed legal representation, and many people benefit from expert help. If you live in Florida, for example, you might consult a disability attorney in Tampa to help you file or appeal.
13. How often will my condition be reviewed?
The SSA conducts “continuing disability reviews” to confirm you still meet eligibility. The frequency depends on your condition.
14. Will disability benefits be taxed?
SSDI benefits may be subject to federal income tax, depending on your other income. SSI benefits are generally not taxable.
15. What about Medicare and Medicaid?
After 24 months of receiving SSDI, you generally become eligible for Medicare. SSI eligibility often leads to Medicaid coverage in many states.
16. Could my benefits stop if I recover?
Yes. If SSA finds you no longer meet disability standards, your benefits can be discontinued after due process.
17. What if I move to another state or country?
Within the U.S., benefits generally continue with address updates. Abroad, eligibility depends on country agreements and status.
18. Will my family members receive benefits?
Yes, in some cases. Spouses and children may qualify for auxiliary or dependent benefits under your SSDI record.
19. How have recent changes affected disability claims?
The SSA now avoids denying claims based on outdated jobs lists and is shifting to newer occupational systems.
20. What should I do right now to strengthen my claim?
Keep thorough medical records, follow prescribed treatments, document symptoms, and meet deadlines. Early legal consultation is wise — a disability attorney in Tampa (or one in your region) can help organize your case, especially at appeal stages.
These 20 FAQs address the core topics prospective applicants and beneficiaries must understand: eligibility, application, appeal, income rules, tax and medical coverage, reviews, and representation.
